Overcoming broken Pressure Water Pumps
A broken Pressure Water Pump can be a major issue on any sailboat, disrupting the consistent water flow needed for daily onboard activities. These pumps maintain system pressure, activating when a faucet opens and deactivating upon closure. A common model is the Jabsco Par-Max series (by Xylem), known for its reliability but not immune to issues, particularly with the pressure switch.
Understanding the Pressure Water Pump System
A pressure water pump system on a sailboat typically includes a pump, an accumulator tank, plumbing lines, and fixtures such as faucets or showers. The pump draws water from the onboard freshwater tank and pressurizes the system, allowing water to flow when a fixture is opened. The pressure switch plays a crucial role by monitoring the system’s pressure and controlling the pump’s operation to maintain a steady flow.
Common Issues with Pressure Switches
Over time, pressure switches can develop problems due to wear and tear, exposure to moisture, or manufacturing defects. Common issues include:
Continuous Pump Operation: The pump runs incessantly, even when all fixtures are closed. (That was the case with one of my pumps)
Pump Fails to Activate: The pump doesn’t start when a fixture is opened, resulting in no water flow.
Intermittent Pump Cycling: The pump turns on and off rapidly, causing inconsistent water flow and potential damage to the system.
Diagnosing a Faulty Pressure Switch
The pressure switch is often the culprit behind pressure water pump issues. To check this, follow these steps:
Visual Inspection: Check for visible signs of damage, corrosion, or leaks around the pressure switch area.
Listen for Irregularities: Unusual sounds, such as rapid clicking or continuous running, can indicate pressure switch problems.
Test System Pressure: Use a pressure gauge to measure the system’s pressure. Fluctuations or readings outside the pump’s specified range suggest a malfunctioning switch.
DIY Repair Options
Once a faulty pressure switch is identified, consider the following repair options:
Adjusting the Pressure Switch
Some pressure switches have an adjustment mechanism to fine-tune the pressure settings. However, not all models are designed for user adjustments. For instance, a user reported that Jabsco stated their pump pressure switch is not adjustable, yet they successfully tweaked a chrome screw on the pump face to resolve an issue. This suggests that, despite manufacturer guidelines, some adjustments might be possible. Note: Attempting adjustments may void warranties or cause further issues. Proceed with caution and consult the manufacturer’s guidelines.
Replacing the Pressure Switch
If adjustments are not possible or effective, replacing the pressure switch is a viable solution. Here’s how:
Identify the Correct Replacement: Determine the specific pressure switch model compatible with your pump.
Gather Necessary Tools: You’ll need basic tools such as screwdrivers, pliers, and possibly heat shrink connectors for wiring.
Safety Precautions: Disconnect the pump from the power source and relieve system pressure by opening a faucet.
Remove the Faulty Switch: Carefully detach the defective pressure switch from the pump, noting the wiring connections.
Install the New Switch: Attach the replacement switch, ensuring all connections are secure and match the original configuration.
Test the System: Reconnect power and pressurize the system to verify proper operation.
- Installing an External Pressure Switch
In cases where internal pressure switches are prone to failure or are difficult to replace, installing an external pressure switch offers an alternative:
Select a Compatible External Switch: Choose a switch that matches your system’s pressure requirements.
Modify Plumbing: Incorporate a T-fitting into the plumbing downstream of the pump to accommodate the external switch.
Electrical Connections: Wire the external switch to control the pump’s power supply, effectively bypassing the internal switch.
Secure Installation: Ensure all fittings are tight and the switch is mounted in a protected location to prevent damage.
This method enhances durability and simplifies future maintenance, as external switches are generally more accessible.
Preventive Measures
To extend the lifespan of your pressure water pump and its components:
Regular Inspections: Periodically check the pump, pressure switch, and associated plumbing for signs of wear, leaks, or corrosion.
Proper Winterization: In colder climates, drain the water system before winter to prevent freeze damage.
Use an Accumulator Tank: Installing an accumulator tank reduces pump cycling, minimizing stress on the pressure switch and other components.
Maintain Clean Water: Ensure the freshwater tank is clean and free from debris that could clog or damage the pump.
A malfunctioning pressure water pump switch can disrupt the essential water supply on your sailboat. By understanding the system, diagnosing issues accurately, and applying appropriate DIY repair strategies, you can restore functionality efficiently. Regular maintenance and preventive measures will further ensure reliable operation, enhancing your onboard experience.